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National Institute of Agricultural Science (NIAS) is securing total 340 silkworm pure breeds that have various phenotypes such as colors and sizes of cocoons, female's fecundity, etc.

All tested silkworm larval powders contained high amounts of Ω-3 (n-3) unsaturated fatty acids, which are one of the most popular health improvement supplements (Walz et al., 2016). The amount of crude proteins and amino acid composition differences between them were caused by enriched silk fibers in enlarged silk glands in mature silkworm larvae (Ji et al., 2016). In addition, we also found that amino acid compositions and mineral contents of FDSP and SMSP were different, since FDSP and SMSP were generated from different developmental stages of silk worm larvae (Ji et al., 2016). Recently, we also reported that steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm larval powder (SMSP) had another health improvement effects such as extended healthspan and increase resistance to Parkinson’s disease (PD) in Drosophila models (Nguyen et al., 2016). The most well-known health improvement effects of Bombyx mori silkworms was controlling blood glucose levels in humans and animal models when freeze-dried 3rd day of 5th instar larval powders (FDSP) were regularly taking (Ryu et al., 2013). In addition to producing silk threads, Bombyx mori the mulberry silkworms have been used as producing functional foods with various health improvement effects (Ji et al., 2012 Kim et al., 2005 Nguyen et al., 2016 Oh et al., 2012 Ryu et al., 2002 Ryu et al., 2013). Thus, further studies in the functionalities of the 3 SMSPs will reveal unknown their health improvements effects. These nutrient analysis results suggested that 3 SMSPs might have common and unique health improvement effects. In contrast Golden silk silkworm (GS)-SMSP had higher ratio of potassium/sodium than the other SMSPs. In addition, the ratio of n-3/n-6 unsaturated fatty acids were higher than the other SMSPs. Red silk silkworm (RS)-SMSP had higher contents of crude proteins and total amino acids than other SMSPs. Although most of nutrient compositions among 3 SMSPs were similar, there were significant differences in certain amino acids, minerals, and fatty acid compositions. Because the colors of cocoons in silkworm varieties were caused by altered signal transduction pathways transporting phytochemicals from intestinal lumens to silk glands, we performed the proximate, amino acid, mineral, carbohydrates, fatty acid, and cholesterol composition analyses of SMSPs of 3 silkworm varieties which were weaving light yellow, golden, and red cocoons. Recently we found that steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm larval powder (SMSP) generated using white-jade (also known as Backokjam) silkworm variety extended healthspan and increased resistance to Parkinson's disease in animal models. In addition, various health improvement effects of diverse silkworm larval powders were reported. The mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori has been one of the most important domestic animals which have provided with silk fibers for weaving fabrics and a food for a protein and lipid source.